Introduction: Incretin-based therapies have emerged as effective treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. However, not all patients achieve optimal outcomes with existing treatments, highlighting the need for more effective solutions.
Areas Covered: We present a comprehensive evaluation of Tirzepatide (TZP), a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GIP/GLP-1) receptor agonist, for managing obesity and T2D. We conducted a systematic search of Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to April 2024. The focus of the review is on the development and therapeutic potential of TZP, with detailed exploration on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety. Furthermore, it reviews TZP's impacts on glycemic control, weight management, and its potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits.
Expert Opinion: TZP represents a significant advancement in the dual-targeted approach to treating T2D and obesity. Its unique mechanism of action offers superior efficacy in reducing glycemic levels and body weight compared to existing therapies. New data suggesting improvements in CV outcomes indicate that TZP could set a new standard in the treatment paradigm. While long-term data on efficacy and safety are still forthcoming, current evidence positions TZP as a promising option for patients who have not reached their therapeutic goals with existing treatments.
Young-onset diabetes (YOD) is characterised by unique diagnostic and management challenges more pronounced in resource-limited settings like Sri Lanka. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence, patterns and characteristics of YOD in Sri Lanka and describe the state of care. Retrospective review of baseline data of all patients enrolled in the prospective multicentre Database for Young-Onset Diabetes, Sri Lanka (DYOD-SL), was performed, from April 2021 to April 2023.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major global health challenges that contribute significantly to the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neuropathy. Neuropathy, a common and disabling complication of T2D, is characterized by progressive distal-to-proximal axonal degeneration, driven in part by mitochondrial dysfunction in both neurons and axons. Recent evidence points to the toxic effects of saturated fatty acids on peripheral nerve health, with studies demonstrating that these fats impair mitochondrial function and bioenergetics, leading to distal axonal loss.
Aims: Compare racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of non-obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the proportion of non-obese individuals among T2D patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used ICD-9/10 codes to ascertain T2D. Participants were classified as non-obese by BMI (<25 kg/m for normal weight; <23 kg/m for Asian Americans), waist circumference (<102 cm for males, <88 cm for females), and waist-to-hip ratio (<0.
Background: Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants to Europe have a heavy burden of metabolic disorders including a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, T2D and obesity as compared to native-born Europeans. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent conditions in people originating from the ME.
Aims: To study the differences in the levels of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) across ME and European ethnicity, and the effect of 25(OH)D and PTH on insulin action and secretion.
Background: PIEZO1 has emerged as a mechanoreceptor linked with adipogenesis, adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance. We aimed to determine the impact of obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as mechanical compression forces on the expression of PIEZO1 in visceral AT (VAT) and its relation with inflammation.
Methods: Blood and VAT samples were obtained from 100 volunteers.
