Multicellular organisms originate from a single cell, ultimately giving rise to mature organisms of heterogeneous cell type composition in complex structures. Recent work in the areas of stem cell biology and tissue engineering has laid major groundwork in the ability to convert certain types of cells into other types, but there has been limited progress in the ability to control the morphology of cellular masses as they grow. Contemporary approaches to this problem have included the use of artificial scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, and complex media formulations; however, there are no existing approaches to controlling this process purely through genetics and from a single-cell starting point. Here we describe a computer-aided design approach, called , for designing recombinase-based genetic circuits for controlling the formation of multicellular masses into arbitrary shapes in human cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.4c00037 | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol (Mosk)
December 2024
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
SINEs are mobile genetic elements of multicellular eukaryotes that arose during evolution from various tRNAs, as well as from 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA. Like the genes of these RNAs, SINEs are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcripts of some mammalian SINEs have the capability of AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation, which is unique for transcript generated by RNA polymerase III.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Res Ther
December 2024
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
Background: Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional (3D) multicellular cell aggregates that are derived from stem cell and play a pivotal role in regenerative medicine. They recapitulate many crucial aspects of the early stages of embryonic development and is the first step in the generation of various types of stem cells, including neuronal stem cells. Current methodologies for differentiating stem cells into neural embryoid bodies (NEBs) in vitro have advanced significantly, but they still have limitations which necessitate improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but serious prothrombotic adverse event following vaccination with adenovector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Laboratory findings indicate that anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) immunoglobulin G antibodies are the causing factor for the onset of thromboembolic events in VITT. However, molecular mechanisms of cellular interactions, signaling pathways and involvement of different cell types in VITT antibody-mediated thrombosis are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathol Int
December 2024
Department of Molecular Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Japan.
Bone is a unique organ crucial for locomotion, mineral metabolism, and hematopoiesis. It maintains homeostasis through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, which is regulated by the basic multicellular unit (BMU). Abnormal bone metabolism arises from an imbalance in the BMU.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
December 2024
Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Contraction and relaxation within the heart is controlled by the coordinated rise and fall of Ca levels within the cytosol of cardiomyocytes. This requires Ca to be moved between subcellular and extracellular compartments with each cardiac cycle, since Ca is not destroyed or broken down by the excitation-contraction and relaxation cycles. Many cardiac pathologies alter Ca homeostasis and can lead to impaired contraction, incomplete relaxation, and arrhythmias.
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