Set during the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), the "Clinical Focus Meeting" (CFM) aims to bridge the gap between innovative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scientific research and daily patient care. This initiative is dedicated to maximizing the impact of MRI technology on healthcare outcomes for patients. At the 2023 Annual Meeting, clinicians and scientists from across the globe were invited to discuss neuroinflammation from various angles (entitled "Imaging the Fire in the Brain"). Topics ranged from fundamental mechanisms and biomarkers of neuroinflammation to the role of different contrast mechanisms, including both proton and non-proton techniques, in brain tumors, autoimmune disorders, and pediatric neuroinflammatory diseases. Discussions also delved into how systemic inflammation can trigger neuroinflammation and the role of the gut-brain axis in causing brain inflammation. Neuroinflammation arises from various external and internal factors and serves as a vital mechanism to mitigate tissue damage and provide neuroprotection. Nonetheless, excessive neuroinflammatory responses can lead to significant tissue injury and subsequent neurological impairments. Prolonged neuroinflammation can result in cellular apoptosis and neurodegeneration, posing severe consequences. MRI can be used to visualize these consequences, by detecting blood-brain barrier damage, characterizing brain lesions, quantifying edema, and identifying specific metabolites. It also facilitates monitoring of chronic changes in both the brain and spinal cord over time, potentially leading to better patient outcomes. This paper represents a summary of the 2023 CFM, and is intended to guide the enthusiastic MR user to several key and novel sequences that MRI offers to image pathophysiologic processes underlying acute and chronic neuroinflammation. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.29587 | DOI Listing |
Brain Struct Funct
December 2024
Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada.
Much brain imaging work has underscored the functional connections among the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; articulation), supramarginal gyrus (SMG; letter-sound correspondence), superior temporal gyrus (STG; sound) and fusiform gyrus (FFG; print) during basic reading processes. This reading network supports and coordinates the complex processes that contribute to successful reading. In line with the Hebbian notion that 'neurons that fire together, wire together' we examined cortical thickness among these regions and the extent to which these regions showed structural relationships in average and impaired readers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bone Joint Surg Am
December 2024
Jack Hughston Memorial Hospital, Phenix City, Alabama.
Background: Operative fires are rare but unforgettable events, with the potential for devastating outcomes. It is estimated that 650 operating room (OR) fires occur each year in the United States, with the use of electrocautery devices and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the primary ignition and fuel sources. There are several case reports of OR fires caused by PMMA and electrocautery in the literature, but, to our knowledge, no formal studies have been performed exposing the flammability of PMMA and how PMMA reacts to an electrocautery ignition source.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Ophthalmol Case Rep
December 2024
Royal Hobart Hospital, Uveitis Clinic, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Purpose: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of the acute progressive phase of a recently proposed clinical entity, Multizonal Outer Retinopathy and Retinal Pigment Epitheliopathy (MORR), a variant of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR).
Methods: Single observational case report.
Results: We present the case of a 49-year-old myopic female with progressive outer retinopathy most consistent with a diagnosis of MORR.
Med
December 2024
Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable efficacy in many patients with a variety of different types of cancer. However, the majority of patients with cancer have yet to benefit from this revolutionary therapy. Studies have shown that checkpoint blockade works best against immune-inflamed tumors characterized by the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Immunopharmacol
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is an infrequent yet severe form of epilepsy that rapidly evolves into status epilepticus following a febrile episode. Prompt diagnosis coupled with effective treatment strategies is critical for improving patient outcomes. Herein, we describe the case of an 11-year-old male with FIRES who was successfully treated with tocilizumab, resulting in no further seizures or residual disability.
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