AI Article Synopsis
- Stem cell therapies for cartilage disease are hindered by a lack of understanding of cartilage formation and maintenance.
- Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) can create stable cartilage when using hyaluronic acid-coated microbeads, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
- Although hBMSCs failed to repair cartilage in rodents, cells derived from chondrospheroids showed promising results by forming lasting non-hypertrophic cartilage.
Article Abstract
Stem cell therapies for degenerative cartilage disease are limited by an incomplete understanding of hyaline cartilage formation and maintenance. Human bone marrow stromal cells/skeletal stem cells (hBMSCs/SSCs) produce stable hyaline cartilage when attached to hyaluronic acid-coated fibrin microbeads (HyA-FMBs), yet the mechanism remains unclear. , hBMSC/SSC/HyA-FMB organoids exhibited reduced BMP signaling early in chondrogenic differentiation, followed by restoration of BMP signaling in chondrogenic / cells. Subsequently, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived sclerotome cells were established (BMP inhibition) and then treated with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) -/+ BMP2 and growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) (BMP signaling activation). TGF-β alone elicited a weak chondrogenic response, but TGF-β/BMP2/GDF5 led to delamination of aggregates (chondrospheroids) with high expression of , , and and minimal expression of and . While transplanted hBMSCs/SSCs/HyA-FMBs did not heal articular cartilage defects in immunocompromised rodents, chondrospheroid-derived cells/HyA-FMBs formed non-hypertrophic cartilage that persisted until at least 5 months .
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11347861 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110537 | DOI Listing |
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