Laser interferometry is a well-established and widely used technique for precise displacement measurements. In a non-contact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM), it facilitates the force measurement by recording the periodic displacement of an oscillating microcantilever. To understand signal generation in a NC-AFM-based Michelson-type interferometer, we evaluate the non-linear response of the interferometer to the harmonic displacement of the cantilever in the time domain. As the interferometer signal is limited in amplitude because of the spatial periodicity of the interferometer light field, an increasing cantilever oscillation amplitude creates an output signal with an increasingly complex temporal structure. By the fit of a model to the measured time-domain signal, all parameters governing the interferometric displacement signal can precisely be determined. It is demonstrated, that such an analysis specifically allows for the calibration of the cantilever oscillation amplitude with 2% accuracy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.87 | DOI Listing |
Cell Signal
January 2025
Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, China. Electronic address:
This study utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing data to reveal the transcriptomic characteristics of breast cancer and normal epithelial cells. Nine significant cell populations were identified through stringent quality control and batch effect correction. Further classification of breast cancer epithelial cells based on the PAM50 method and clinical subtypes highlighted significant heterogeneity between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Innovation for Synthetic Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China. Electronic address:
The mechanisms underlying antigen receptor germline gene diversification have always been a topic of intensive study. Here, we discovered that the frequency of stem-loop sequences in the antigen receptor germline gene region is remarkably higher than the genomic background. By analyzing these stem-loop sequences' similarity and distribution patterns, we found that clustered regularly interspaced homologous stem-loop pairs (CRIHSP) are widely present on the germline genes of antigen receptors in different species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacol Res
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China. Electronic address:
Numerous studies conducted in recent years indicate that mammalian E3 ubiquitin ligases serve as key regulators in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by targeting the ubiquitination of substrate proteins and activating downstream signaling pathways. SYVN1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is characterized by its significant functions in regulating various biological processes, including molecular mechanisms related to gene expression, signaling pathways, and cell death, among others. Consequently, SYVN1 plays a crucial role in both normal human physiology and the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as oncogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, immune regulation, skeletal anomalies, and neurological diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)
January 2025
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, durability and safety of intravitreal faricimab versus aflibercept over 48 weeks in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from the LUCERNE China subpopulation.
Design: LUCERNE (NCT03823300) was a phase 3 global, double-masked, active comparator-controlled trial. The China subpopulation comprised patients from mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
Lancet Oncol
January 2025
Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: PATHFINDER was a prospective cohort study of multicancer early detection (MCED) testing in an outpatient ambulatory population. The aim of this study is to report the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collected as secondary and exploratory measures in the PATHFINDER study.
Methods: PATHFINDER is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study that enrolled existing healthy ambulatory outpatients at seven health networks in the USA, including hospitals, academic medical centres, and integrated health systems.
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