As a model organism, the fruit fly () has assumed a leading position in modern biological research. The genetic system has a number of advantages making it a key model in investigating the molecular mechanisms of metazoan developmental processes. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating hematopoiesis. This review discusses the major advances in investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining the population of multipotent progenitor cells and their differentiation into mature hemocytes in the hematopoietic organ of the larva. The use of the hematopoietic organ as a model system for hematopoiesis has allowed to characterize the complex interactions between signaling pathways and transcription factors in regulating the maintenance and differentiation of progenitor cells through the signals from the hematopoietic niche, autocrine and paracrine signals, and the signals emanated by differentiated cells.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.27410 | DOI Listing |
Langmuir
January 2025
Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12, Kojirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan.
The aggregation and accumulation of amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) peptides on the surface of brain cells is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we used a unique brain-mimetic open system that continuously flows Aβ42 solution to analyze the initial aggregation and adsorptive nature of Aβ42 at physiological concentrations on the lipid membrane. The open system accelerated the adsorption and dimerization kinetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China.
A regioselective [3 + 2] annulation of β,γ-alkynyl-α-ketimino esters with 1,3-dicarbonyls is disclosed. A series of -selective dihydrofurans bearing an exocyclic double bond and a quaternary carbon center are accessed without the usage of base. Control and deuterium-labeling experiments have been investigated to probe into the reaction mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
Seed color is a critical quality trait in numerous plant species. In oilseed crops, including rapeseed and mustard, yellow seeds are distinguished by their significantly higher oil content and faster germination rates compared to black or brown counterparts. Despite the agronomic significance of the yellow seeds being a prime breeding target, the mechanisms underlying elevated oil content remain obscure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
January 2025
Redox and Metalloprotein Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
In the ancient microbial Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, carbon dioxide (CO) is fixed in a multistep process that ends with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis at the bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex (CODH/ACS). In this work, we present structural snapshots of the CODH/ACS from the gas-converting acetogen , characterizing the molecular choreography of the overall reaction, including electron transfer to the CODH for CO reduction, methyl transfer from the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (CoFeSP) partner to the ACS active site, and acetyl-CoA production. Unlike CODH, the multidomain ACS undergoes large conformational changes to form an internal connection to the CODH active site, accommodate the CoFeSP for methyl transfer, and protect the reaction intermediates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
January 2025
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Caspase family proteases and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain proteins have central roles in innate immunity and regulated cell death in humans. We describe a bacterial immune system comprising both a caspase-like protease and a TIR-domain protein. We found that the TIR protein, once it recognizes phage invasion, produces the previously unknown immune signaling molecule adenosine 5'-diphosphate-cyclo[N7:1'']-ribose (N7-cADPR).
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