Iatrogenic macular hole following PFCL injection: Implications of retinal dimpling as an intraoperative indicator.

Background: Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) revolutionized retinal detachment (RD) management in vitreoretinal surgery but introduced unique risks. Complications like subretinal migration are documented, yet specific warnings for macular hole (MH) formation during PFCL injection are lacking.

Case Presentation: In a rhegmatogenous RD case, a localized retinal dimpling during PFCL jet stream injection, preceded subsequent complications-an immediate MH and subretinal PFCL migration. Subsequently, an internal limiting membrane peeling with PFCL mobilization was performed.successfully managed the situation. Post-surgery, optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed a closed MH with improved vision.

Conclusion: This case report not only sheds light on a previously undocumented complication associated with PFCL injection but also underscores the critical need for adherence to proper injection technique to minimize traumatic effects. Understanding the mechanism underlying this complication and implementing corrective measures are essential for enhancing intraoperative strategies and minimizing adverse outcomes in retinal surgeries involving PFCL.