The convergent-beam low energy electron diffraction technique has been proposed as a novel method to gather local structural and electronic information from crystalline surfaces during low-energy electron microscopy. However, the approach suffers from high complexity of the resulting diffraction patterns. We show that Convolutional Autoencoders trained on CBLEED patterns achieve a highly structured latent space. The latent space is then used to estimate structural parameters with sub-angstrom accuracy. The low complexity of the neural networks enables real time application of the approach during experiments with low latency.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2024.114021 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
December 2024
Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science (INESC-TEC), Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.
An automatic system for pathology classification in chest X-ray scans needs more than predictive performance, since providing explanations is deemed essential for fostering end-user trust, improving decision-making, and regulatory compliance. CLARE-XR is a novel methodology that, when presented with an X-ray image, identifies the associated pathologies and provides explanations based on the presentation of similar cases. The diagnosis is achieved using a regression model that maps an image into a 2D latent space containing the reference coordinates of all findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetics (Basel)
December 2024
School of Artificial Intelligence, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea.
Depth estimation plays a pivotal role in advancing human-robot interactions, especially in indoor environments where accurate 3D scene reconstruction is essential for tasks like navigation and object handling. Monocular depth estimation, which relies on a single RGB camera, offers a more affordable solution compared to traditional methods that use stereo cameras or LiDAR. However, despite recent progress, many monocular approaches struggle with accurately defining depth boundaries, leading to less precise reconstructions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biomed Phys Eng
December 2024
Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background: The P300 signal, an endogenous component of event-related potentials, is extracted from an electroencephalography signal and employed in Brain-computer Interface (BCI) devices.
Objective: The current study aimed to address challenges in extracting useful features from P300 components and detecting P300 through a hybrid unsupervised manner based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM).
Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CNN as a useful method for the P300 classification task emphasizes spatial characteristics of data.
Front Neurosci
December 2024
Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is highly complex and high-dimensional, capturing signals from regions of interest (ROIs) with intricate correlations. Analyzing such data is particularly challenging, especially in resting-state fMRI, where patterns are less identifiable without task-specific contexts. Nonetheless, interconnections among ROIs provide essential insights into brain activity and exhibit unique characteristics across groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Med Inform
December 2024
Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia; Research and Innovations, Dental Loop Pty Ltd, Adelaide, SA5000, Australia. Electronic address:
Background: The automated segmentation of individual teeth from 3D models of the human dental arch is challenging due to variations in tooth alignment, arch form and overall maxillofacial anatomy. Domain adaptation is a specialised technique in deep learning which allows models to adapt to data from different domains, such as varying tooth and dental arch forms, without requiring human annotations.
Purpose: This study aimed to segment individual teeth from various dental arch morphologies in 3D intraoral scans using domain adaptation.
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