Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
This paper aims to study the metabolism of thyroid hormones (TH) in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was applied to samples collected before and after the administration of sodium triiodothyronine (T3) and sodium levothyroxine (T4) to a euthyroid volunteer and to samples of athletes declaring and not declaring thyroid supplementation. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS after enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid-liquid, and solid-phase extractions. Ratios between T3/thyronine and T4/3,3'-T2 may be used for the detection of the administration of exogenous T3 in urine. Meanwhile, 3-T1 concentrations may be used to detect exogenous T4 administration. Nevertheless, these markers may not work properly in hypothyroid population, as athletes seem to be. The levels of T3 and T4 of athletes were lower than those of a euthyroid state even when they are under administration of TH supplements. The HTP axis high efficiency does not allow observing differences between athletes who do not declare and those who declare having used TH supplementation by direct measurements of T3 and T4 in urine. The detection of TH administration in urine (triiodothyronine and levothyroxine) may work when dealing with euthyroid individuals. Nevertheless, in individuals with hypothyroidism where the tendency is toward the maintenance of homeostasis, and it may be not possible to detect their consumption by applying cut-off values.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.3788 | DOI Listing |
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