Human synovial explants in culture release material that stimulates the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and several extracellular enzymes by human chondrocytes. Fractionation of conditioned medium by gel filtration revealed a protein of approx. 15 kDa, which in addition to stimulating production of PGE2 and plasminogen activator by human articular chondrocytes, possessed interleukin 1 activity and induced cartilage degradation. Further purification using iso-electric focussing again showed co-elution of these activities with a major pI of 6.9 and a minor pI of 5.1-5.3. This study indicated that human synovium releases a factor that is closely related to or identical with interleukin 1 and suggests that this protein may participate in cellular interactions that occur within the rheumatoid joint.
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