AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health is affected by social determinants of health, especially education. CKM syndrome has not been evaluated in Chinese population, and the association of education with CKM syndrome in different sexes and its intertwined relation with lifestyles have not been explored.
Objective: We aimed to explore the association between educational attainment and the prevalence of CKM syndrome stages in middle-aged and older Chinese men and women as well as the potential role of health behavior based on Life's Essential 8 construct.
Methods: This study used data from the nationwide, community-based REACTION (Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a longitudinal study). A total of 132,085 participants with complete information to determine CKM syndrome stage and education level were included. Educational attainment was assessed by the self-reported highest educational level achieved by the participants and recategorized as low (elementary school or no formal education) or high (middle school, high school, technical school/college, or above). CKM syndrome was ascertained and classified into 5 stages according to the American Heart Association presidential advisory released in 2023.
Results: Among 132,085 participants (mean age 56.95, SD 9.19 years; n=86,675, 65.62% women) included, most had moderate-risk CKM syndrome (stages 1 and 2), and a lower proportion were at higher risk of CKM (stages 3 and 4). Along the CKM continuum, low education was associated with 34% increased odds of moderate-risk CKM syndrome for women (odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.23-1.49) with a significant sex disparity, but was positively correlated with high-risk CKM for both sexes. The association between low education and high-risk CKM was more evident in women with poor health behavior but not in men, which was also interactive with and partly mediated by behavior.
Conclusions: Low education was associated with adverse CKM health for both sexes but was especially detrimental to women. Such sex-specific educational disparity was closely correlated with health behavior but could not be completely attenuated by behavior modification. These findings highlight the disadvantage faced by women in CKM health ascribed to low education, underscoring the need for public health support to address this inequality.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363879 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/57920 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
The New Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: An Opportunity for CKD Detection and Treatment in Primary Care.
Am J Kidney Dis
December 2024
San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco, CA. Electronic address:
In October of 2023, the American Heart Association (AHA) published a scientific statement and advisory that defined a novel entity, the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome. The overall framework proposes that a substantial proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is attributable to a syndrome that extends in stages from: Stage 1) obesity, Stage 2) metabolic/kidney risk factors for CVD (diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension, and dyslipidemia), Stage 3) subclinical CVD, and finally Stage 4) clinical CVD. The report that describes the CKM paradigm documents the scientific justification for a syndrome, highlights the overlap in risk factors among individuals with obesity, diabetes, CKD, and CVD, and aligns the evidence and guideline statements that address screening, prevention, and management of these conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA team-based approach to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular care.
Am J Manag Care
December 2024
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
The Center for Integrated and Novel Approaches in Vascular-Metabolic Disease (CINEMA) program is an innovative, patient-centered system of care developed by the University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute in Cleveland, Ohio in the US for the management of high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes at high risk for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and its consequences. At its core, CINEMA is a multidisciplinary team of care experts, working together outside of traditional silos. The patient meets with the entire team up to 4 times each year to address all aspects of cardiovascular (CV) and T2D care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn overview of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
Am J Manag Care
December 2024
Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave #8540, New Orleans, LA 70112. Email:
Cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a term to describe the interconnection between cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2020 estimated that 25% of participants had at least 1 CKM condition. It is proposed that CKM syndrome originates in excess and/or dysfunctional adipose tissue, which secretes proinflammatory and prooxidative products leading to damaged tissues in arteries, the heart, and the kidney, and reduction in insulin sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of serum Klotho with the severity and mortality among adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
Lipids Health Dis
December 2024
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is characterized as a systemic disease resulting from the pathophysiological interplay among metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The Klotho protein may serve as a novel biomarker. However, the utility of serum Klotho levels as an indicator of severity and mortality risk in CKM syndrome remains uncertain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffective Strategies and a Ten-Point Plan for Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Croatia: An Expert Opinion.
J Clin Med
November 2024
Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Article Synopsis
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the top cause of illness and death globally, including in Croatia, often linked to shared risk factors across multiple health disorders.
- The emerging concept of cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome highlights the interconnectedness of heart, kidney, and metabolic health, emphasizing the need to include brain health in patient care.
- A group of experts aims to incorporate CKM health into a national strategy for preventing chronic diseases, particularly CVD, by creating mandatory guidelines based on professional recommendations.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!