Prognositic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Objectives: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in children and adolescents, with a poor prognosis. Anchorage-dependent cell death (anoikis) has been proven to be indispensable in tumor metastasis, regulating the migration and adhesion of tumor cells at the primary site. However, as a type of programmed cell death, anoikis is rarely studied in osteosarcoma, especially in the tumor immune microenvironment. This study aims to clarify prognostic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Methods: Anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) were obtained from GeneCards. Clinical information and ANRGs expression profiles of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective therapies and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. ANRGs highly associated with tumor immune microenvironment were identified by the estimate package and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Machine learning algorithms were performed to construct long-term survival predictive strategy, each sample was divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups, which was further verified in the GEO cohort. Finally, based on single-cell RNA-seq from the GEO database, analysis was done on the function of signature genes in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment.

Results: A total of 51 hub ANRGs closely associated with the tumor microenvironment were identified, from which 3 genes (, , ) were selected to construct the prognostic model. Significant differences in immune cell activation and immune-related signaling pathways were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on tumor microenvironment analysis (all <0.05). Additionally, characteristic genes within the osteosarcoma microenvironment were identified in regulation of intercellular crosstalk through the GAS6-MERTK signaling pathway.

Conclusions: The prognostic model based on ANRGs and tumor microenvironment demonstrate good predictive power and provide more personalized treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma.