Systematic review on epidemiology of in bloodstream infection of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Introduction: We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the epidemiology of in bloodstream infections (BSI) of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.

Methods: For a comprehensive search of studies that reported the prevalence of and antibiotic resistance in bloodstream infections from 2000 to January 1, 2024, databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. The main keywords used were: , epidemiology, bloodstream infection, microbial resistance, antibiotic resistance, hematopoietic malignancy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. After applying eligibility criteria, and quality assessment of studies, data analysis was done by comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software.

Results: The prevalence of bacterial bloodstream infections amongst different studies varied between 8-51%. Also, bloodstream infections caused by varied between 2.5-57%. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) of in bloodstream infections varied between 15-80%. As well, the mortality rate caused by strains in bloodstream infection varied between 6.7-27.3%. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefepime, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, was reported to be the highest (prevalence of 100%), and the lowest was against amikacin, with a prevalence between 13-38%.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of -related BSI, and subsequent mortality, especially by multidrug resistance and ESBL strains, in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, requires essential measures to prevent the spread of microbial resistance.