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Clinical Perspectives on the Pathophysiology of Facial Synkinesis: A Narrative Review.
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
January 2025
Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
Importance: Facial synkinesis refers to pathologic cocontraction and baseline hypertonicity of muscles innervated by the facial nerve, commonly attributed to the aberrant regeneration of nerve fibers following injury. The pathomechanism and optimal treatment of facial synkinesis remain unclear. The goal of this review is to highlight current understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and treatment of facial synkinesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSustainable biomethane production from waste biomass: challenges associated with process optimization in improving the yield.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2025
Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka Str. 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Various novel technologies are currently under development aimed at improving bio-methane output to tackle challenges related to process stability, biogas production, and methane quality in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The management of substrate type, temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), and inoculum origin is essential for ensuring process effectiveness, minimizing inhibition, and maximizing production of biogas and methane yield. The review emphasizes sustainability, focusing on the environmental and economic benefits of anaerobic digestion, including the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the minimization of landfill waste, and the provision of renewable energy sources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic fracture-related infection is a complex, costly clinical problem with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The goals of treatment are infection control with a healed fracture covered by well-vascularized soft tissue and improvement of patient pain and function. Management is both medical, with culture-targeted antimicrobial agents, and surgical, requiring meticulous irrigation and débridement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe opioid crisis has been an issue in the United States since the mid-1990s, claiming numerous lives and presenting a significant challenge to health care clinicians. Various preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies aimed at reducing opioid consumption can be used by orthopaedic surgeons to help minimize this crisis. Preoperative screening tools can help identify patients at risk for prolonged opioid use, allowing for tailored interventions and counseling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights into the identification, prevention, and treatment of neurovascular compromise in upper extremity surgery are provided in this chapter, focusing on commonly encountered injuries susceptible to intraoperative or postoperative issues. The authors highlight the importance of knowledge of anatomy, meticulous dissection, and preparation to navigate complex surgical scenarios effectively. Furthermore, proactive approaches to managing difficult situations encountered during surgery are outlined, emphasizing timely recognition and decisive action.
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