Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cells Can Reconstruct Hematopoiesis in an Aplastic Anemia Animal Model.

Objectives: To explore the efficacy and the mechanism of the umbilical cord-derived cells combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) in treating aplastic anemia (AA) in mice.

Methods: Immune-mediated AA model mice were treated with CsA + UC mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), CsA + umbilical cord blood regulatory T cells (UCB-T), UC-MSC, UCB-T, CsA alone, or blank control, respectively ( = 9 mice/group). CsA and the cell infusion was administered on d0. Routine peripheral blood testing was performed once weekly; bone marrow colony culture, bone marrow cell flow cytometry, peripheral blood T cell subsets, and serum inflammatory cytokines tests were performed on d14. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for cells from CsA + UC-MSC, CsA + UCB-T, and CsA groups to detect the possible related genes. Gene function cluster and signal pathway enrichment analysis were also performed.

Results: Blank control mice died due to pancytopenia within 21 days, whereas mice in other groups survived for >28 days. On d14, the CsA + UC-MSC and CsA + UCB-T groups had higher white blood cell (WBC) counts than the other groups ( < 0.05), along with higher burst-forming unit (BFU) and colony-forming unit-granulocyte, macrophage (CFU-GM) counts ( < 0.01). The CsA + UC-MSC group had the highest BFU count ( < 0.01). The CsA + UC-MSC and CsA + UCB-T groups exhibited the highest bone marrow CD34 cell proportion (9.68% ± 1.35% and 8.17% ± 0.53%, respectively; < 0.01). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin (IL)-2 levels in the CsA + UC-MSC group ( < 0.05) and TNF-, interleukin-2, and interferon (INF)- levels in the CsA + UC-T group ( < 0.01) were lower than those in the CsA group. Compared with CsA treatment, CsA + UC-MSC significantly downregulated the histone methylation pathway ( < 0.05), whereas CsA + UCB-T significantly upregulated energy metabolism processes ( < 0.05). Treatment with CsA + UC-MSC upregulated superoxide dismutase activity compared with CsA + UCB-T treatment.

Conclusions: Adding UC-MSC or UCB-T to CsA markedly enhanced the reconstruction of hematopoiesis in AA mice, with UC-MSC eliciting greater efficiency than UCB-T. Accordingly, the addition of these cells could further improve immune abnormalities.