Proton deflectometry is used in magnetized high-energy-density plasmas to observe electromagnetic fields. We describe a reconstruction algorithm to recover the electromagnetic fields from proton fluence data in 1-D. The algorithm is verified against analytic solutions and applied to example data. Next, we study the role of source fluence uncertainty for 1-D reconstructions. We show that reconstruction boundary conditions can be used to constrain the source fluence profile and use this to develop a reconstruction using a specified pair of boundary conditions on the magnetic field. From these considerations, we experimentally demonstrate a hybrid mesh-fluence reconstruction technique where fields are reconstructed from fluence data in an interior region with boundary conditions supplied by direct mesh measurements at the boundary.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
Many types of spatiotemporal patterns have been observed under nonequilibrium conditions. Cycling through four or more states can provide specific dynamics, such as the spatial coexistence of multiple phases. However, transient dynamics have only been studied by previous theoretical models, since absorbing transition into a uniform phase covered by a single state occurs in the long-time limit.
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January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini Naval Science University of Nowshahr, Nowshahr, Iran.
The maximum power delivered by a photovoltaic system is greatly influenced by atmospheric conditions such as irradiation and temperature and by surrounding objects like trees, raindrops, tall buildings, animal droppings, and clouds. The partial shading caused by these surrounding objects and the rapidly changing atmospheric parameters make maximum power point tracking (MPPT) challenging. This paper proposes a hybrid MPPT algorithm that combines the benefits of the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) and hill climbing (HC) techniques.
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January 2025
Microwave Engineering Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI) Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
This paper presents a novel design approach for an anomalous reflector metasurface for communication systems operating at 8 GHz band. The main contribution of this work is the development of a general analytical method that accurately calculates the electromagnetic response of realistic metasurfaces with periodic impedance profiles. The modulated surface impedance is achieved by incorporating appropriately sized conductive patches on a grounded dielectric substrate.
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January 2025
Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China.
Skillful seasonal climate prediction is critical for food and water security over the world's heavily populated regions, such as in continental East Asia. Current models, however, face significant difficulties in predicting the summer mean rainfall anomaly over continental East Asia, and forecasting rainfall spatiotemporal evolution presents an even greater challenge. Here, we benefit from integrating the spatiotemporal evolution of rainfall to identify the most crucial patterns intrinsic to continental East-Asian rainfall anomalies.
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January 2025
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518108, China. Electronic address:
Objective: Photopolymerized resin composites are widely used as dental filling materials. However, the shrinkage stress generated during photopolymerization can lead to marginal microcracks and eventual restoration failure. Accurate assessment of the stress evolution in dental restorations, particularly in complex cavity geometries, is critical for improving the performance and longevity of the dental filling materials.
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