Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Patients of the North Indian Population and the Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common congenital anomaly characterized by incomplete fusion of the lip and/or palate during embryonic development. The etiology of CLP is multifactorial, involving genetics and different environmental factors. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () gene has been proposed as a candidate gene associated with CLP due to its involvement in folate metabolism and DNA methylation processes. However, the association between gene variants and CLP in non-syndromic patients in the North Indian population remains unclear.

Aim And Objectives: This research aimed to see the association between gene polymorphisms in non-syndromic patients with CLP in the North Indian population.

Materials And Method: A case-control observational design comprised 50 CLP patients (cases) and 50 healthy individuals without CLP (controls). Blood samples were collected from patients visiting two hospitals. Genomic DNA was extracted from collected peripheral blood samples, and the genotyping of gene polymorphisms (specifically, C677T) was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of gene variants were compared between cases and controls using appropriate statistical tests.

Result: This research revealed a significant association between gene polymorphism and CLP in the North Indian population. The odds for the genotypes reach statistical significance, suggesting that the gene variant may play a major role in this population's susceptibility to non-syndromic CLP.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence for a linkage between the gene C677T polymorphism and an increased risk of CLP in non-syndromic patients in the North Indian population. These findings do support the involvement of gene variants in the etiology of CLP. In the future, more research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking gene variants to CLP and to explore potential gene-environment interactions in this context.