For accurate and reliable analysis of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater (WW), it is imperative to comprehend the significance of pre-treating WW before analysis. The suspended solids (SS) in the matrix tend to adhere to the MPs during filtration, which interferes with the detection of the MPs. In this regard, the present study aims to develop and optimize a pretreatment method to improve the extraction efficiency of MPs from WW by reducing the SS. A combination of the Fenton reaction and ultrasonication, ferro-sonication (Fe-UlS), was proposed to digest and eliminate the SS from WW. This hybrid pretreatment, Fe-UlS, was optimized for ultrasonication amplitude, treatment time, and hydrogen peroxide dose using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design, achieving a desirability of 0.984. The optimum conditions for the Fe-UlS, such as the (1:1) Fenton reagent ratio (0.05 M FeSO: 30 % HO), ultrasonication amplitude (31 %), and total process time (30 min) were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The developed method was then employed for the extraction of spiked polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs in real WW and found efficient in removing 83 % of the TSS present in the primary influent were in 30 min at a temperature of 45 °C. Also, the method did not affect the physio-chemical characteristics of the MPs; however, the thermal analysis of PE and PP MPs showed a statistically significant decrease in the melting temperature, as proven by paired t-test analysis. Further, a non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis proved that Fe-UlS is a stable process, as it did not cause any leaching of MPs under the optimum pretreatment conditions. Finally, Laser Direct-Infrared Imaging (LD-IR) analysis was conducted to validate the developed Fe-UlS pretreatment approach for MP analysis in real WW. About 3434 MPs were detected in 100 mL of WW primary influent, within the size range of 9 to 500 μm. This hybrid pretreatment approach not only streamlines WW sample processing but also reduces the required concentration of Fenton reagent and processing time, yielding accurate and reliable results for monitoring MPs in WW.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175595 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Yunnan Institute of Building Research Ltd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
Due to various factors, the concrete may contain mud, a condition that can lead to a decrease in strength and changes in the ultrasonic acoustic parameters of the concrete. In order to study the effect of concrete mud content ([Formula: see text]) on ultrasonic acoustic parameters and compressive strength, this paper firstly derived the relationship equations between concrete mud content and acoustic parameters and compressive strength. Subsequently, the acoustic parameters and compressive strength were tested for concrete specimens with different mud contents cast on site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasonics
January 2025
Medical Ultrasound Department for the Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China. Electronic address:
Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is an imaging technique that detects shear waves generated by tissue excited by Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF), and characterizes the mechanical properties of soft tissue by analyzing the propagation velocity of shear wave. ARF induces a change in energy density through the nonlinear propagation of ultrasound waves, which drives the tissue to generate shear waves. However, the amplitude of shear waves generated by ARF is weak, and the shear waves are strongly attenuated in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
January 2025
Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:
This study aimed to identify an efficient and sustainable extraction method for phenolic compounds and flavonoids from I. laurina using maceration (conventional), ultrasonic bath and probes, cup horn sonication, and microwave. It evaluated extraction parameters and assessed total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial capacities, with annotated compounds via ESI-ToF-MS and the green analytical procedure index analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultimed Man Cardiothorac Surg
January 2025
Hibino Laboratory, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
With the increase of patients with adult congenital heart disease, the number of high-risk multiple redo sternotomies is increasing. Calcified conduit embedded in the sternum or large vessels attached to the sternum presents an especially challenging case. This video tutorial presents a simple safe redo sternotomy technique using an ultrasonic bone scalpel in such high-risk patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem X
January 2025
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Unlabelled: This study investigates the optimization of bioactive components in thermosonicated black carrot juice using response surface methodology (RSM) and gradient boosting (GB) modeling techniques. Thermosonication, a combination of ultrasound and heat, was applied to enhance the nutritional quality of black carrot juice, which is rich in anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants. The study examined the effects of temperature, processing time, and ultrasonic amplitude on total carotenoid content (TCC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total phenolic content.
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