Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide and honokiol intervention on the proliferation, apoptosis, and calcium signaling pathway of rat enteric glial cells.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous signaling molecule that influences digestive and nervous system functions. Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are integral to the enteric nervous system and play a role in regulating gastrointestinal motility. This study explored the dual effects of exogenous HS on EGCs and the influence of apoptosis-related pathways and ion channels in EGCs. We also administered honokiol for further interventional studies. The results revealed that low-concentration HS increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of EGCs, decreased the whole-cell membrane potential, downregulated BAX and caspase-3, upregulated Bcl2 expression, reduced apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation. The Ca concentration, Cx43 mRNA, and protein expression were also increased. A high concentration of HS had the opposite effect. In addition, GFAP mRNA expression was upregulated in the test-low group, downregulated in the test-high group, and upregulated in the test-high + Hon group. Honokiol treatment increased MMP, reduced whole-cell membrane potential, inhibited BAX and caspase-3 expression, increased Bcl2 expression, decreased cell apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. The Ca concentration, Cx43 mRNA, and protein expression were also upregulated. In conclusion, our study showed that exogenous HS can bidirectionally regulate EGC proliferation and apoptosis by affecting MMP and cell membrane potential via the Bcl2/BAX/caspase-3 pathway and modulate Cx43-mediated Ca responses in EGCs to regulate colonic motility bidirectionally. Honokiol can ameliorate the damage to EGCs induced by high HS concentrations through the Bcl2/BAX/caspase-3 pathway and improve colon motility by increasing Cx43 expression and Ca concentration.