Previous research on attention to fear-relevant stimuli has largely focused on static pictures or drawings, and thus did not consider the potential effect of natural motion. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of motion on attentional capture in spider-fearful and non-fearful participants by using point-light stimuli and naturalistic videos. Point-light stimuli consist of moving dots representing joints and thereby visualizing biological motion (e.g. of a walking human or cat) without needing a visible body. Spider-fearful (n = 30) and non-spider-fearful (n = 31) participants completed a visual search task with moving targets (point-light/naturalistic videos) and static distractors (images), static targets and moving distractors, or static targets and static distractors. Participants searched for a specified animal type (snakes, spiders, cats, or doves) as quickly as possible. We replicated previous findings with static stimuli: snakes were detected faster and increased distraction, while spiders just increased distraction. However, contrary to our hypotheses, spider targets did not speed up responses, neither in the group of control nor in the group of spider-fearful participants. Interestingly, stimuli-specific effects were toned down, abolished, or even changed direction when motion was introduced. Also, we demonstrated that point-light stimuli were of similar efficiency as naturalistic videos, indicating that for testing effects of motion in visual search, "pure" motion stimuli might be sufficient. As we do show a substantial modulation of visual search phenomena by biological motion, we advocate for future studies to use moving stimuli, equivalent to our dynamic environment, to increase ecological validity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69468-3 | DOI Listing |
Neuro Endocrinol Lett
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Objective: This article focuses on utilizing therapeutic letters within group schema therapy-an innovative therapeutic approach that integrates elements from various therapeutic disciplines. The primary aim is to explore how therapeutic letters can enhance the therapeutic process and support the treatment of patients.
Methods: To achieve this objective, we conducted a narrative literature review centred on schema therapy and using therapeutic letters as a therapeutic strategy.
Clin Ophthalmol
December 2024
Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric eating disorder characterized by body mass index (BMI) ≤ 18.5, fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of body weight. With increasing rates of myopia, there is a population of patients who concurrently develop AN and may seek corneal refractive surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Orthop Surg Res
December 2024
Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Objective: This study aims to perform a meta-analysis that integrates multiple literature sources to evaluate the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for treating lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD).
Methods: A systematic search was conducted across various databases, including CNKI, VIP, WANFANG DATA, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, for clinical comparative studies on OLIF and MIS-TLIF for treating LDD, covering the time frame from the inception of the databases to September 2024. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies were screened, assessed, and data were extracted rigorously.
Orphanet J Rare Dis
December 2024
Discovery Research Division, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, P.O. Box 4911, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Background: Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by silencing of the frataxin gene (FXN), which leads to multiorgan damage. Nrf2 is a regulator of FXN, which is a modulator of oxidative stress in animals and humans. Omaveloxolone (Omav) is an Nrf2 activator and has been reported to have antioxidative potential in various disease conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Aging
December 2024
Integrative Research Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States.
Background And Objectives: Aging clocks are computational models designed to measure biological age and aging rate based on age-related markers including epigenetic, proteomic, and immunomic changes, gut and skin microbiota, among others. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss the currently available aging clocks, ranging from epigenetic aging clocks to visual skin aging clocks.
Methods: We performed a literature search on PubMed/MEDLINE databases with keywords including: "aging clock," "aging," "biological age," "chronological age," "epigenetic," "proteomic," "microbiome," "telomere," "metabolic," "inflammation," "glycomic," "lifestyle," "nutrition," "diet," "exercise," "psychosocial," and "technology.
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