The entorhinal cortex represents allocentric spatial geometry and egocentric speed and heading information required for spatial navigation. However, it remains unclear whether it contributes to the prediction of an animal's future location. We discovered grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) that have grid fields representing future locations during goal-directed behavior. These predictive grid cells represented prospective spatial information by shifting their grid fields against the direction of travel. Predictive grid cells discharged at the trough phases of the hippocampal CA1 theta oscillation and, together with other types of grid cells, organized sequences of the trajectory from the current to future positions across each theta cycle. Our results suggest that the MEC provides a predictive map that supports forward planning in spatial navigation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ado4166 | DOI Listing |
3 Biotech
February 2025
Shree. S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujarat 384012 India.
This review assesses the antiviral capabilities of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, focussing on their therapeutic potential. AMPs, derived from natural sources, exhibit promising antiviral properties by disrupting viral membranes, inhibiting viral entry, and modulating host immune responses. Preclinical studies demonstrate that peptides such as defensins, cathelicidins, and lactoferrin can effectively reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication and inhibit viral spread.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Neurodyn
December 2025
Department of Mathematics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, 382426 India.
A free calcium ion in the cytosol is essential for many physiological and physical functions. Also, it is known as a second messenger as the quantity of free calcium ions is an essential part of brain signaling. In this work, we have attempted to study calcium signaling in the presence of mitochondria, buffer, and endoplasmic reticulum fluxes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
January 2025
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mobile air pollution measurements are typically aggregated by varying road segment lengths, grid cell sizes, and time intervals. How these spatiotemporal aggregation schemas affect the modeling performance of land use regression models has seldom been assessed. We used 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurol
January 2025
Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Background: Previous investigations on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) focused on generalizable macular and peri-papillary regions without considering the anatomic variations of the retinal layer thickness.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the utility of parafoveal retinal layer thickness measured by OCT, underscoring its relationships with clinical outcomes in MS.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 214 people with MS (pwMS) and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled.
3 Biotech
February 2025
Department of Preventive Treatment of Disease Centre, Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital (Nanchong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College), 200 Jingyuling Zhengjie Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province 637000 People's Republic of China.
This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Yinchen lipid-lowering tea (YCLLT) on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the specific mechanism involved was also studied. We modeled hepatocellular steatosis with HepG2 cells and intervened with different concentrations of YCLLT-containing serum. Lipid deposition was assessed by oil red O staining and AdipoR1 expression was analyzed by Western blot.
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