Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively) remain a significant global health concern despite advancements in healthcare and vaccination programs. Regular monitoring and vaccine efficacy of HAV are still lacking in different countries. This study aimed to investigate HAV and HEV prevalence in developed, developing, and least-developed Asian countries using wastewater as a surveillance tool. A total of 232 untreated wastewater samples were collected from six wastewater treatment plants, a sewage treatment plant, or an open drainage in six countries [Nepal (n = 51), Indonesia (n = 37), Thailand (n = 30), Vietnam (n = 27), the Philippines (n = 17), and Japan (n = 70)] between April and October 2022. Viruses in wastewater were concentrated by simple centrifugation or polyethylene glycol precipitation method, followed by viral RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HAV and HEV RNA were detected in the samples from Nepal (51 % for HAV and 2 % for HEV), Thailand (3 % for both viruses), and Japan (1 % for HAV and 24 % for HEV). Only HAV RNA was found in 11 % of the samples in Indonesia, whereas only HEV RNA was detected in Vietnam and the Philippines, with a positive ratio of 15 % and 12 %, respectively. These results highlighted the geographic variability in HAV and HEV prevalence, underscoring the need for localized public health strategies to address specific viral hepatitis challenges in each country.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175473 | DOI Listing |
Antiviral Res
December 2024
Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany. Electronic address:
Infection with one or several of the five known hepatitis viruses is a leading cause of liver disease and poses a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma upon chronic infection. Chronicity is primarily caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and poses a significant health burden worldwide. Co-infection of chronic HBV infected patients with hepatitis D virus (HDV) is less common but is marked as the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gen Virol
December 2024
Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.
Enteric hepatitis, represented by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), remains a significant global public health concern. While much progress has been made, many aspects of the biology and pathophysiology of HAV and HEV are still not fully understood. One of the major challenges is the absence of a reliable system for virus replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
November 2024
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
Foodborne diseases result from the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogens or their toxins and represent a serious public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to assess the presence of Rotavirus (RoV), Adenovirus (AdV), Norovirus (NoV), Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively), , and spp. across various food matrices in Sicily.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
October 2024
Assay Development and Virology Research Team Lead, Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Five hepatitis viruses-hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV)-have a huge impact on human health with their ability to cause acute and often chronic infection [...
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Health Insights
November 2024
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
Introduction: Foodborne infections are caused by a wide spectrum of microbial pathogens, and they pose a significant global health threat, resulting in millions of cases and thousands of fatalities annually. Among these pathogens, human viruses, including Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV), play a significant role in foodborne viral outbreaks, especially in Africa. This systematic review determined the prevalence of these viruses in livestock and produce in Africa.
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