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Characterization of mosquito host-biting networks of potential Rift Valley fever virus vectors in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a significant mosquito-borne virus affecting livestock and humans, particularly in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, where the mosquito vectors are not well understood.
  • The study collected blood-fed mosquitoes over several years (2019-2023) to identify their blood meal sources and understand the relationships between mosquitoes and their hosts, using genetic sequencing techniques.
  • Results indicated that 88.8% of the blood meals came from mammals, with cattle and nyala being the most common hosts, while all tested mosquitoes were found negative for RVFV, suggesting low immediate risk in the area.

Article Abstract

Background: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus with serious implications for livestock health, human health, and the economy in Africa, and is suspected to be endemic in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The vectors of RVFV in this area are poorly known, although several species, such as Aedes (Neomelaniconion) mcintoshi, Aedes (Neomelaniconion) circumluteolus, Aedes (Aedimorphus) durbanensis, and Culex (Lasioconops) poicilipes may be involved. The aim of the study was to determine the vertebrate blood meal sources of potential RVFV mosquito vectors in north-eastern KZN and to characterize the host-biting network.

Methods: Blood-fed mosquitoes were collected monthly from November 2019 to February 2023 using a backpack aspirator, CO-baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) miniature light traps and tent traps, in the vicinity of water bodies and livestock farming households. The mosquitoes were morphologically identified. DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes and used as templates to amplify the vertebrate cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplicons were sequenced and queried in GenBank and the Barcode of Life Data systems to identify the vertebrate blood meal sources and confirm mosquito identifications. All mosquitoes were screened for RVFV using real time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.

Results: We identified the mammalian (88.8%) and avian (11.3%) blood meal sources from 409 blood-fed mosquitoes. Aedes circumluteolus (n = 128) made up the largest proportion of collected mosquitoes. Cattle (n = 195) and nyala (n = 61) were the most frequent domestic and wild hosts, respectively. Bipartite network analysis showed that the rural network consisted of more host-biting interactions than the reserve network. All mosquitoes tested negative for RVFV.

Conclusions: Several mosquito species, including Ae. circumluteolus, and vertebrate host species, including cattle and nyala, could play a central role in RVFV transmission. Future research in this region should focus on these species to better understand RVFV amplification.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11323694PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06416-0DOI Listing

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