This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a -based direct-fed microbial () on performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Seventy-six lactating (42 ± 6 days in milk []) Holstein-Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows were enrolled to a 16-wk experiment. Cows were blocked by lactation number and DIM and within blocks, assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments: 1) basal partial-mixed ration () without DFM addition ( = 38; ) or 2) basal PMR with the addition of 3 g/head/d of a DFM containing 809 and 810 ( = 38; BOVACILLUS, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark; ). The DFM was mixed in a protein-based pellet, whereas the CON group was fed the same pellet without DFM (0.6 kg/cow/d). The PMR contained (dry matter [] basis) 50% of forage and 48% of a concentrate feed based on corn meal, soybean meal, wheat meal, wheat middlings, and a mineral-vitamin premix, with the remaining part of the diet being represented by the pellet used as a carrier for the treatments (CON and DFM). Dry matter intake (), milk yield, and production efficiency were recorded daily, whereas milk protein and fat concentrations were recorded using electronic milk meters. An additional milk sample was collected every second week of the study for milk composition. On week 15 of the study, fecal samples were collected from each cow for apparent nutrient digestibility calculation. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). No treatment effects were observed on cow final body weight, daily , milk yield, energy-corrected milk (), ECM efficiency, milk composition (yield or content), and somatic cell count () ( ≥ 0.12). However, cows fed DFM had a greater feed and N efficiency ( ≤ 0.03) compared to cows fed CON. Moreover, DM digestibility tended to be greater for DFM-fed cows when compared to CON ( = 0.10), whereas no further nutrient digestibility differences were observed ( ≥ 0.24). In summary, supplementing a DFM containing and benefited feed efficiency of lactating dairy cows fed a PMR, while also tending to improve the digestibility of DM.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae110 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
December 2024
Ruhr University Bochum, Analytische Chemie, Universitätsstr 150, 44780, Bochum, GERMANY.
The direct CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) from simulated flue gas of various CO2 concentrations could minimize extra energy for pre-concentration processes to highly concentrated CO2 as a feed-stock. We investigate the challenges for CO2RR caused by low CO2 concentrations and provide strategies concerning the impact of the chosen electrocatalyst material and the selection of the electrolyte to attain high CO selectivity. We continuously feed CO2 mixed with N2 (the typical dilutant in flue gas) in various ratios to gas diffusion electrodes in a model flow-through electrolyzer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
The separation and purification of acetylene from the light hydrocarbon gas mixtures is considered as one of the most industrially challenging task for the production of fine chemicals. Though metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for such separation and offer a cost and energy-efficient pathway, achieving the trade-off between sorption capacity and separation selectivity along with framework robustness is a daunting task and demands effective design. Herein, a new 3D chemically stable MOF, IITKGP-24 (stable over a wide range of aqueous pH solution, pH = 2-12) is developed, displaying excellent separation selectivity of 13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrop Anim Health Prod
December 2024
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil.
This study aimed to develop, characterize, and validate an encapsulant based on beeswax (BW) for rumen-protected fat (RPF) using the melting emulsification technique. Buriti oil (BO) was used as the core material, and BW was used as the encapsulating material at three different proportions of BW:BO (9:1, 4:1, and 2:1 g/g ratio respectively). RPF microspheres (BWBO9:1, BWBO4:1, and BWBO2:1) were characterized and tested in six 3-year-old castrated male Santa Ines sheep (average body weight of 56.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
December 2024
Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thyme powder (TP), garlic powder (GP), and their combination as natural alternatives to antibiotics on broiler growth performance, blood indices, and carcass characteristics. A completely randomized design was used, with four experimental groups consisting of 264 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (45.27±0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
December 2024
School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, No. 266 Xincun Xilu, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China. Electronic address:
Soybeans are used for human consumption or animal feed due to their abundant protein content. In this study, visible-near infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and short-wave infrared HSI combined with three-levels data fusion methods were employed to detect the protein content of soybean seeds, including measurement-level fusion, feature-level fusion, and decision-level fusion. Additionally, three novel decision-level fusion methods were proposed, including binary linear regression, feature-based multiple linear regression (MLR), and model-based MLR.
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