Lassa fever virus (LASV), a member of the Arenavirus family, is the etiological agent of Lassa fever, a severe hemorrhagic disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality in the endemic areas of West Africa. LASV is a rodent-borne CDC Tier One biological threat agent and is on the World Health Organization's (WHO) Priority Pathogen list. Currently, no FDA-licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics are available. Here, we describe the efficacy of a deactivated rabies virus (RABV)-based vaccine encoding the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of LASV (LASSARAB). Nonhuman primates (NHPs) were administered a two-dose regimen of LASSARAB or an irrelevant RABV-based vaccine to serve as a negative control. NHPs immunized with LASSARAB developed strong humoral responses to LASV-GPC. Upon challenge, NHPs vaccinated with LASSARAB survived to the study endpoint, whereas NHPs in the control group did not. This study demonstrates that LASSARAB is a worthy candidate for continued development.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-00930-z | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- - The study explores how Lassa fever develops and the factors that determine whether it results in a mild or severe illness, using a monkey model to replicate different disease outcomes.
- - It finds that lymphoid organs are key early sites for the replication of the Lassa virus, which can enter through lymph node structures regardless of whether the infection is fatal or not.
- - The severity of the disease correlates with how the virus spreads; in nonfatal cases, it largely stays within lymphoid tissues, while fatal outcomes see the virus invade multiple organs, triggering a strong immune inflammatory response.
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