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Saudi Arabia's Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak: consequences, reactions, and takeaways. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • MERS is a viral illness caused by MERS-CoV, first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012, which has had outbreaks predominantly in the region, with the 2023 outbreak in Riyadh reporting 312 cases and 97 deaths.
  • The 2023 outbreak saw MERS-CoV spreading mainly from dromedary camels to humans, with enhanced public health responses including improved surveillance and infection control efforts leading to a decline in cases over time.
  • This outbreak highlights the significant impacts of zoonotic diseases and emphasizes the importance of early detection, public engagement, and global collaboration to prevent future health crises.

Article Abstract

Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral illness caused by the MERS-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Saudi Arabia has reported most global MERS-CoV cases and deaths, with periodic outbreaks in other countries.

Objectives: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the 2023 MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia, including its epidemiology, public health response, impact, and lessons learned.

Methodology: This study utilized a narrative review approach, drawing on published literature and data from sources such as the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results: The 2023 outbreak was centered in the Riyadh region, with 312 confirmed cases and 97 deaths reported. MERS-CoV primarily spreads from dromedary camels to humans, with human-to-human transmission, especially in healthcare settings. The outbreak exhibited seasonal and spatial trends, with most cases during camel calving season and in rural areas with high camel populations. The Saudi Ministry of Health implemented a multi-faceted response, including enhancing surveillance, improving infection prevention, providing clinical support, and conducting risk communication. Over time, the response showed a decline in the number of cases and deaths, indicating its effectiveness.

Conclusion: The outbreak has significant public health, economic, and social impacts, underscoring the ongoing threat of emerging zoonotic diseases. Key lessons include early case detection, efficient infection control, vaccine and treatment development, public engagement, and strengthening of regional and global collaboration to mitigate future outbreaks and safeguard public health.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305771PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000002336DOI Listing

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