Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Monocyte patrolling of the vasculature has been ascribed primarily to the non-classical monocyte subset. However, a recent study of the glomerular microvasculature provided evidence that both classical and non-classical monocytes undergo periods of intravascular retention and migration. Despite this, whether these subsets contribute differentially to acute glomerular inflammation is unknown. This study used glomerular multiphoton intravital microscopy to investigate the capacity of classical and non-classical monocytes to patrol the glomerular microvasculature and promote acute, neutrophil-dependent glomerular inflammation. In imaging experiments in monocyte reporter Cx3cr1 mice, co-staining with anti-Ly6B or anti-Ly6C revealed that both non-classical monocytes [CX3C chemokine receptor 1-green fluorescent protein positive (CX3CR1-GFP)] and classical monocytes (CX3CR1-GFP and Ly6B or Ly6C) underwent prolonged (>10 minutes) retention and migration in the glomerular microvasculature. On induction of acute glomerulonephritis, in these behaviors were increased in classical but not non-classical monocytes. Using non-classical monocyte-deficient Csf1rNr4a1 mice, or anti-CCR2 to deplete classical monocytes, the removal of either subset reduced neutrophil retention and activation in acutely inflamed glomeruli, while the depletion of both subsets, via anti-CCR2 treatment in Csf1rNr4a1 mice, led to further reductions in neutrophil activity. In contrast, in a model of CD4 T cell-dependent glomerulonephritis, the depletion of either monocyte subset failed to alter neutrophil responses. These findings indicate that both classical and non-classical monocytes patrol the glomerular microvasculature and promote neutrophil responses in acutely inflamed glomeruli.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.010 | DOI Listing |
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