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Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments in model ice for analysis of ice-induced vibrations of offshore structures. | LitMetric

Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments in model ice for analysis of ice-induced vibrations of offshore structures.

Sci Rep

Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands.

Published: August 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study explored the use of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) techniques for simulating offshore structures subjected to dynamic ice loads, addressing the limitations of traditional modeling methods.
  • Analysis of 204 HiL simulations showed that this method provided reliable performance, with minimal errors even when varying key factors like structural models and ice types.
  • Issues arose in testing with warm model ice and scaling for harsh conditions due to system instability, but improved performance was noted when the physical prototype interacted directly with the model ice, suggesting a beneficial coupling effect.

Article Abstract

The study investigated the use of a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) technique applied in model ice experiments to enable the analysis of offshore structures with low natural frequencies under dynamic ice loading. Traditional approaches were limited by facility capacities and ineffective downscaling of the geometry of the offshore structures. The goal of the present study was to overcome these challenges and to enhance the understanding and explore the applicability of a hybrid testing technique in model ice experiments. To achieve the objective, 204 Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations in model Ice (HiLI) were analyzed. Results showed robust behavior and good performance of the HiLI due to minimal variation in measured delay, normalized root mean square error, and peak tracking error and low magnitudes of such parameters despite alterations in factors such as the choice of the numerical structural model, physical prototype, measurement system, and ice type. Notably, the performance of the HiLI was affected when testing with warm model ice or scaling for harsh ice conditions, attributed to a reduced signal-to-noise ratio and instability of the system, respectively. Experimental identification of the critical delay, along with the application of an analytical stability criterion, revealed that the instability observed, was likely induced by reducing the structural stiffness of the numerical structural model to fulfil the scaling requirements when testing for harsh ice conditions. Additionally, the study showed improved HiLI performance when the physical prototype was in contact with the model ice. This observation was further analyzed and is assumed to be caused by the coupling between the ice and physical prototype, causing a coupled and thus increased eigenfrequency of the physical prototype-ice system.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306584PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68955-xDOI Listing

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