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Long-term wage inequality in imperial China: From 202 BCE to 1912 CE.
PLoS One
January 2025
Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
This paper attempts to describe and explain the long-term evolution of wage inequality in imperial China, covering over two millennia from the Han dynasty to the Qing dynasty (202 BCE-1912 CE). Based on historical government records of official salaries, commodity prices, and agricultural productivity, we convert various forms of salaries to equivalent rice volumes and comparable salary benchmarks. Wage inequality is measured by salary ratios and (partial) Gini coefficients between official and peasant classes as well as within the official class.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUsing the phenotype differences model to identify genetic effects in samples of partially genotyped sibling pairs.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University, New York, NY 10003.
The identification of causal relationships between specific genes and social, behavioral, and health outcomes is challenging due to environmental confounding from population stratification and dynastic genetic effects. Existing methods to eliminate environmental confounding leverage random genetic variation resulting from recombination and require within-family dyadic genetic data (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The HighScope Perry Preschool Project provides new data showing that investing in high-quality early childhood education is socially efficient, with long-term benefits tracked into midlife.
- The study offers a detailed cost-benefit analysis without predictions, relying on actual annual participant outcomes.
- Including spillover effects from participants' children and siblings boosts the program's benefit-cost ratio from 6.0 to 7.5, underscoring the broader positive impact of early education investment.
Educational attainment and mental health conditions: a within-sibship Mendelian randomization study.
medRxiv
August 2024
Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Post box 1130, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
Importance: Observational studies have demonstrated consistent protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) on the risk of suffering mental health conditions (MHC). Determining whether these beneficial effects are causal is challenging given the potential role of dynastic effects and demographic factors (assortative mating and population structure) in this association.
Objective: To evaluate to what extent the relationship between EA and various MHC is independent from dynastic effects and demographic factors.
Genomic dynamics of the Lower Yellow River Valley since the Early Neolithic.
Curr Biol
September 2024
Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations, Shanghai 200433, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The Yellow River Delta significantly influenced the Neolithic civilization in China, but its population history remains unclear due to limited ancient genome data.
- This study presents genome-wide data from 69 ancient individuals and 325 modern individuals in Shandong, revealing a notable influx of ancestry from central and southern China during key Neolithic periods.
- Genetic analysis indicates that the Longshan culture is closely related to the Dawenkou culture, with post-Neolithic migrations shaping the region's genetic diversity and modern populations.
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