The excited-state tautomer equilibrium of the urea-fused single-benzene fluorophore was synthetically modulated to produce exceptionally large Stokes shifts (>12 400 cm). The key N-H⋯N hydrogen bonding motif utilizes an endogenous proton for long-wavelength emission or an exogenous proton for acid-base chemistry, the balance of which is exploited for fluorescence switching in the solid state.
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