Cxcr4a regulates heart progenitor development and cardiac rhythm in zebrafish.

is involved in multiple organ development including coronary vasculature formation and heart left-right (LR) patterning, whether it is involved in heart progenitor determination and cardiac rhythm regulation is not addressed. Here we showed that in mutants, from 2 days post fertilization (dpf) to 4dpf the embryos transiently displayed pericardial edema and increased cardiac rhythm. While from 5dpf, the heart phenotype disappeared. Detailed analysis demonstrated that, at 36hpf and 48hpf, even though there was no distinct difference in the heart size between mutants and controls, the expression of was decreased. Further data showed that, the heart progenitors were decreased at 18SS(Somite Stage). Mechanically, RNA-seq, RT-qPCR and experiments showed that the retinoic acid (RA) signaling was upregulated, and the up-regulation of RA signaling may mediate the role of in regulating heart progenitor development. In addition, we also identified that low dose of RA treatment accelerated the cardiac rhythm, being similar to that in mutants. Decreasing RA signaling partially restored the rapid cardiac rhythm in mutants, implying the possibility that RA signaling partially mediates the role of in regulating cardiac rhythm. In conclusion, our study identified simultaneously regulates heart progenitor determination and cardiac rhythm.