Design Insights for Industrial CO Capture, Transport, and Storage Systems.

We present methods and insights for the design of CO capture, transport, and storage systems for industrial facilities with a case study focus on Louisiana. Our analytical framework includes (1) evaluating the scale and concentration of capturable CO emissions at individual facilities for the purpose of estimating the cost of CO capture retrofits that utilize various energy supply sources to meet parasitic demands; (2) screening to identify potential CO storage sites and estimate their capacities, injectivities, and costs; and (3) designing cost-minimized trucking or pipeline infrastructure connecting CO capture plants with storage sites, considering existing land uses, demographics, and a variety of social and environmental justice factors. Estimated levelized costs of capture at Louisiana's 190 industrial facilities range from below $50/tCO to above $500/tCO, depending on facility-specific features. We identified 98 potential storage sites with storage costs ranging from $8 to $17/tCO. We find that in most situations, pipelines are the least-costly mode of CO transport. When industrial facilities in a region share pipelines, aggregate pipeline mileage and average transport costs are dramatically lower than without sharing. Shared pipeline networks designed to avoid disadvantaged communities require right-of-way areas compared to those for networks that transect such communities, but result in 25% higher average per-tonne transport cost.