Commercial propolis extracts from and : quality control, antioxidant and antiglycemic potential.

Quality control of propolis plays a pivotal role in ensuring the appropriate concentrations of active compounds, limiting unwanted substances, verifying authenticity, and adhering to regulatory standards. This study aimed to assess the identity and quality standards, the individual phenolic composition (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and the antioxidant and antiglycemic potential of commercial propolis extracts (CPEs) from , , and bees. CPEs met wax content and oxidation activity criteria, surpassing minimum thresholds for total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), although stingless bee CPE did not test positive for 10% lead acetate. CPEs exhibited antioxidant and potential antiglycemic activities. Epicatechin among the thirty-three identified phenolics, showed significant correlation with TPC, DPPH, ABTS, and EC50 values of α-amylase enzyme. These promising attributes underscore the potential health benefits of commercial propolis extracts from and stingless bees for further medicinal and nutritional applications.