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Host specialization and spatial divergence of bacteria associated with Peltigera lichens promote landscape gamma diversity. | LitMetric

Host specialization and spatial divergence of bacteria associated with Peltigera lichens promote landscape gamma diversity.

Environ Microbiome

Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, 7800003, Chile.

Published: August 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Lichens serve as unique micro-ecosystems that host diverse bacteria, and their study can reveal how these bacteria adapt to different environmental conditions across various geographical locations, particularly in the Chilean Patagonia.
  • Research focused on three microenvironments related to Peltigera cyanolichens showed that the evolutionary history of the host and local climate strongly shape bacterial communities, leading to low diversity but distinct compositions within lichen thalli compared to surrounding soils and substrates.
  • The study concludes that Peltigera thalli act as fragmented habitats which support a collection of specialized bacterial communities, highlighting the importance of conserving lichens for sustaining diverse microbial life.

Article Abstract

Background: Lichens are micro-ecosystems relying on diverse microorganisms for nutrient cycling, environmental adaptation, and structural support. We investigated the spatial-scale dependency of factors shaping the ecological processes that govern lichen-associated bacteria. We hypothesize that lichens function as island-like habitats hosting divergent microbiomes and promoting landscape gamma-diversity. Three microenvironments -thalli, substrates, and neighboring soils- were sampled from four geographically overlapping species of Peltigera cyanolichens, spanning three bioclimatic zones in the Chilean Patagonia, to determine how bacterial diversity, assembly processes, ecological drivers, interaction patterns, and niche breadth vary among Peltigera microenvironments on a broad geographical scale.

Results: The hosts' phylogeny, especially that of the cyanobiont, alongside climate as a secondary factor, impose a strong ecological filtering of bacterial communities within Peltigera thalli. This results in deterministically assembled, low diverse, and phylogenetically convergent yet structurally divergent bacterial communities. Host evolutionary and geographic distances accentuate the divergence in bacterial community composition of Peltigera thalli. Compared to soil and substrate, Peltigera thalli harbor specialized and locally adapted bacterial taxa, conforming sparse and weak ecological networks.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that Petigera thalli create fragmented habitats that foster landscape bacterial gamma-diversity. This underscores the importance of preserving lichens for maintaining a potential reservoir of specialized bacteria.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11302196PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00598-xDOI Listing

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