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A modiolar-pillar gradient in auditory-nerve dendritic length: A novel post-synaptic contribution to dynamic range?
Hear Res
December 2024
Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address:
Auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) from a given cochlear region can vary in threshold sensitivity by up to 60 dB, corresponding to a 1000-fold difference in stimulus level, although each fiber innervates a single inner hair cell (IHC) via a single synapse. ANFs with high-thresholds also have low spontaneous rates (SRs) and synapse on the side of the IHC closer to the modiolus, whereas the low-threshold, high-SR fibers synapse on the side closer to the pillar cells. Prior biophysical work has identified modiolar-pillar differences in both pre- and post-synaptic properties, but a comprehensive explanation for the wide range of sensitivities remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAuditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) from a given cochlear region can vary in threshold sensitivity by up to 60 dB, corresponding to a 1000-fold difference in stimulus level, although each fiber innervates a single inner hair cell (IHC) via a single synapse. ANFs with high-thresholds also have low spontaneous rates (SRs) and synapse on the side of the IHC closer to the modiolus, whereas the low-threshold, high-SR fibers synapse on the side closer to the pillar cells. Prior biophysical work has identified modiolar-pillar differences in both pre- and post-synaptic properties, but a comprehensive explanation for the wide range of sensitivities remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFerrimagnet-Based Neuromorphic Device Mimicking the Ventral Visual Pathway for High-Accuracy Target Recognition.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
October 2024
The Key Laboratory of Advanced Microprocessor Chips and Systems, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
The ventral visual pathway (VVP) of the human brain efficiently implements target recognition by employing a deep hierarchical structure to build complex visual concepts from simple features. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on spintronic devices are capable of target recognition, but their poor interpretability and limited network depth hinder ANNs from mimicking the VVP. Hardware implementation of the VVP requires a biorealistic spintronic device as well as the corresponding interpretable and deep network structure, which have not been reported so far.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom Solid to Fluid: Novel Approaches in Neuromorphic Engineering.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol
October 2024
Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Neuromorphic engineering is rapidly developing as an approach to mimicking processes in brains using artificial memristors, devices that change conductivity in response to the electrical field (resistive switching effect). Memristor-based neuromorphic systems can overcome the existing problems of slow and energy-inefficient computing that conventional processors face. In the Introduction, the basic principles of memristor operation and its applications are given.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopmental refinement of the active zone nanotopography and axon wiring at the somatosensory thalamus.
Cell Rep
October 2024
Division of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
Functional refinement of neural circuits is a crucial developmental process in the brain. However, how synaptic maturation and axon wiring proceed cooperatively to establish reliable signal transmission is unclear. Here, we combined nanotopography of release machinery at the active zone (AZ), nanobiophysics of neurotransmitter release, and single-neuron reconstruction of axon arbors of lemniscal fibers (LFs) in the developing mouse somatosensory thalamus.
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