The State of Telepathology in Africa in the Age of Digital Pathology Advancements: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review.

Telepathology emerges as a vital tool, offering significant promise for enhancing pathology services in Africa, a region historically challenged by healthcare access and resource limitations. This review explores the development, adoption, and impacts of telepathology in Africa through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and literature review. A methodical search in PubMed for publications up to 2024 revealed 119 pertinent studies, out of which 47 met the inclusion criteria for a focused review on telepathology's role in African healthcare settings. This research has charted a clear trajectory of growing interest in telepathology, as evidenced by the annual increase in related publications and robust international collaboration. It underscores the expanding utility of telepathology in diagnostics, education, and research within Africa, particularly in domains like dermatopathology, neuropathology, and, notably, oncology. The integration of artificial intelligence into telepathology presents new frontiers for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, the review also identifies persistent challenges such as infrastructural inadequacies, a shortage of skilled professionals, and regulatory hurdles. The study highlights the indispensable role of international partnerships in advancing telepathology in the region. This review proposes a strategic pivot toward "leapfrogging," an approach that allows Africa to skip traditional developmental hurdles by directly adopting cutting-edge technologies and practices.