Fast multi-compartment Microstructure Fingerprinting in brain white matter.

We proposed two deep neural network based methods to accelerate the estimation of microstructural features of crossing fascicles in the white matter. Both methods focus on the acceleration of a multi-dictionary matching problem, which is at the heart of Microstructure Fingerprinting, an extension of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting to diffusion MRI. The first acceleration method uses efficient sparse optimization and a dedicated feed-forward neural network to circumvent the inherent combinatorial complexity of the fingerprinting estimation. The second acceleration method relies on a feed-forward neural network that uses a spherical harmonics representation of the DW-MRI signal as input. The first method exhibits a high interpretability while the second method achieves a greater speedup factor. The accuracy of the results and the speedup factors of several orders of magnitude obtained on brain data suggest the potential of our methods for a fast quantitative estimation of microstructural features in complex white matter configurations.