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The Impact of Multimorbidity on Labor Force Participation Among the Middle-Aged and Older Working Population in the United States. | LitMetric

The Impact of Multimorbidity on Labor Force Participation Among the Middle-Aged and Older Working Population in the United States.

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci

Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Multimorbidity (MCC) refers to having multiple chronic health conditions, which is common in people aged 50-64 and is linked to decreased participation in the labor force.
  • Analysis from the Health and Retirement Study from 1996 to 2018 showed that individuals with MCC are about 9.3 percentage points less likely to be employed and work 6.1% fewer hours annually compared to those without chronic conditions.
  • The impact of MCC on work hours is even greater among self-employed individuals, who work about 13% fewer hours, highlighting the need for targeted support and interventions for this demographic to stay active in the workforce.

Article Abstract

Objectives: Multimorbidity, known as multiple chronic conditions (MCC), is the coexistence of two or more chronic health conditions (CHC). The near-retirement-age population with MCC is more likely to experience discontinued labor force participation (LFP). Our objective was to evaluate the impact of MCC on LFP among adults aged 50-64 and to explore heterogeneous effects between self-employed and non-self-employed workers.

Methods: We constructed our sample using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 1996 to 2018. We adopted an individual fixed-effect (F.E.) model and propensity score matching (PSM) to measure the impact of MCC on the probability of being employed and changes in annual work hours.

Results: 50.5% of respondents have MCC. Individuals with MCC exhibit a predicted probability of being employed that is 9.3 percentage points (p < .01, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -0.109, -0.078) lower than those without MCC. Compared with non-CHC, MCC significantly reduced annual working hours by 6.1% (p < .01, 95% CI: -0.091, -0.036) in the F.E. model and by 4.9% (p < .01, 95% CI: -0.064, -0.033) in PSM estimation. The effect is more pronounced for the self-employed with MCC, who have 13.0% (p < .05, 95% CI: -0.233, -0.026) fewer annual work hours than non-CHC based on the FE model and 13.4% (p < .01, 95% CI: -0.197, -0.070) in PSM estimation.

Discussion: MCC significantly reduces LFP compared with non-MCC. MCC has a heterogeneous impact across occupational types. It is important to support the near-retirement-age working population with multimorbidity through effective clinical interventions and workplace wellness policies to help manage health conditions and remain active in the labor market.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440000PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae131DOI Listing

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