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Stand by me: Fibroblasts regulation of the intestinal epithelium during development and homeostasis.
Curr Opin Cell Biol
October 2022
Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.
The epithelium of the small intestine is composed of a single layer of cells that line two functionally distinct compartments, the villi that project into the lumen of the gut and the crypts that descend into the underlying connective tissue. Stem cells are located in crypts, where they divide and give rise to transit-amplifying cells that differentiate into secretory and absorptive epithelial cells. Most differentiated cells travel upwards from the crypt towards the villus tip, where they shed into the lumen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrading TESI: Crypt and villus formation in tissue-engineered small intestine alters with stem/progenitor cell source.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
August 2020
Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
The small intestine has a remarkable ability to enhance its absorptive and digestive surface area through the formation of villi, a process known as villification. We sought to learn whether developing mouse and human tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) followed known developmental biology routes to villification, such as Sonic hedgehog ()/Indian hedgehog () and bone morphogenetic protein 4 ()/forkhead box F1 () signaling to identify targets to enhance the development of TESI. After generating TESI from prenatal and postnatal stem cell sources, we evaluated the effect of cell source derivation on villification with a grading scheme to approximate developmental stage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChick midgut morphogenesis.
Int J Dev Biol
April 2019
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
The gastrointestinal tract is an essential system of organs required for nutrient absorption. As a simple tube early in development, the primitive gut is patterned along its anterior-posterior axis into discrete compartments with unique morphologies relevant to their functions in the digestive process. These morphologies are acquired gradually through development as the gut is patterned by tissue interactions, both molecular and mechanical in nature, involving all three germ layers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVillification in the mouse: Bmp signals control intestinal villus patterning.
Development
February 2016
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
In the intestine, finger-like villi provide abundant surface area for nutrient absorption. During murine villus development, epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) signals promote aggregation of subepithelial mesenchymal clusters that drive villus emergence. Clusters arise first dorsally and proximally and spread over the entire intestine within 24 h, but the mechanism driving this pattern in the murine intestine is unknown.
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