We proposed a neighbor selection mechanism based on memory and target payoff, where the target payoff is the maximum value of the group's average expected payoff. According to this mechanism, individuals prioritize selecting neighbors whose average payoffs in the last M rounds are close to the target payoff for strategy learning, aiming to maximize the group's expected payoff. Simulation results on the grid-based Prisoner's Dilemma and Snowdrift games demonstrate that this mechanism can significantly improve the group's payoff and cooperation level. Furthermore, the longer the memory length, the higher the group's payoff and cooperation level. Overall, the combination of memory and target payoff can lead to the emergence and persistence of cooperation in social dilemmas as individuals are motivated to cooperate based on both their past experiences and future goals. This interplay highlights the significance of taking into account numerous variables in comprehending and promoting cooperation within evolutionary frameworks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0220490 | DOI Listing |
J Technol Transf
February 2023
Department of Economics, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Unlabelled: The subsidiaries of foreign-owned multinational firms make significant contributions to national Research and Development (R&D) in many host countries. Policymakers in host countries often support subsidiaries' R&D efforts, through R&D grants and R&D tax credits. A key objective of this funding is to leverage R&D-driven firm performance benefits for the host economy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroimage
December 2024
Institute of Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Department of Psychology, Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. Electronic address:
Social equity consists of opportunity equity and outcome equity, where outcome equity refers to the equitable distribution of resource, while opportunity equity refers to equivalent sets of opportunities to obtain a satisfactory outcome, ensuring equality in expected payoffs rather than the actual payoffs. Previous studies showed the existence of inequity aversion for opportunity inequality and identified some differences between opportunity equity and outcome equity in the behavior pattern of evaluation and reaction processes. However, the commonalities and distinctions in brain activity during the fairness decision-making of opportunity equity and outcome equity remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Sci
January 2025
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Persistence on a task is both beneficial and costly, so it is important to understand how children learn to effectively balance between perseverance and seeking alternatives to reach a goal by monitoring their performance and tracking their progress over time ("adaptive persistence"). Typically developing children (N = 136) ages 3-7 years in the Midwest United States were invited to catch pretend fish at 7 ordered ponds with increasing numbers of fish. Unbeknownst to children, however, the probability of catching fish decreased across successive ponds, making it most rational to briefly "explore" new ponds to learn the payoff structure and then to "exploit" the earlier ponds before their chances ended.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
December 2024
Consolidated Safety Services, Fairfax, VA, USA.
Despite their global presence and multiple services including water storage and treatment, limited field studies have focused on quantifying water quality effectiveness of agricultural stormwater detention areas (SDAs; farm ponds). Limited data available comes from unverified modeling studies. Economics is another neglected aspect of SDAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
August 2024
School of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
We proposed a neighbor selection mechanism based on memory and target payoff, where the target payoff is the maximum value of the group's average expected payoff. According to this mechanism, individuals prioritize selecting neighbors whose average payoffs in the last M rounds are close to the target payoff for strategy learning, aiming to maximize the group's expected payoff. Simulation results on the grid-based Prisoner's Dilemma and Snowdrift games demonstrate that this mechanism can significantly improve the group's payoff and cooperation level.
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