AI Article Synopsis
- STLV-1 is a retrovirus similar to HTLV-1 that causes adult T-cell leukemia and is highly prevalent in Japanese macaques, yet its molecular epidemiology hasn't been fully studied.
- A study analyzed the complete genome sequences of STLV-1 from 68 JMs across 5 different troops, revealing high genome similarity within troops and low nucleotide diversity overall.
- The findings suggest that the high homogeneity of STLV-1 genomes in JMs is partly due to the absence of G-to-A hypermutation, which is often seen in HTLV-1 in humans and African primates.
Article Abstract
Background: Simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) is a retrovirus closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). It has been shown that Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, JMs) are one of the main hosts of STLV-1 and that a high percentage of JMs (up to 60%) are infected with STLV-1; however, the molecular epidemiology of STLV-1 in JMs has not been examined.
Methods: In this study, we analyzed full-length STLV-1 genome sequences obtained from 5 independent troops including a total of 68 JMs.
Results: The overall nucleotide heterogeneity was 4.7%, and the heterogeneity among the troops was 2.1%, irrespective of the formation of distinct subclusters in each troop. Moreover, the heterogeneity within each troop was extremely low (>99% genome homology) compared with cases of STLV-1 in African non-human primates as well as humans. It was previously reported that frequent G-to-A single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) occur in HTLV-1 proviral genomes in both ATL patients and HTLV-1 carriers, and that a G-to-A hypermutation is associated with the cellular antiviral restriction factor, Apobec3G. Surprisingly, these SNVs were scarcely observed in the STLV-1 genomes in JMs.
Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate that STLV-1 genomes in JMs are highly homologous, at least in part due to the lack of Apobec3G-dependent G-to-A hypermutation.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290215 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02434-7 | DOI Listing |
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