The DIBAL-H reduction of the Baylis-Hillman sugar adduct, obtained from 3-O-benzyl-1,2-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose yielded trisubstituted alkenes by eliminating the β-hydroxyl group. Subsequently, the hydrolysis of the isopropylidene acetal to the corresponding hemiacetal was reacted with N-benzyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride to generate the nitrone, which underwent diastereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone olefin cycloaddition (INOC) to give an isoxazolidine skeleton. The concomitant reductive cleavage of the N-O bond and benzyl group of the fused isoxazolidines afforded new functionalized aminocyclopentitols in good yields.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2024.109223 | DOI Listing |
J Org Chem
September 2024
Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-2-1 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
Hetero-allenes such as isocyanates, isothiocyanates, and carbodiimides reacted with oxime having olefin moieties in the manner of hetero Cope-type hydroamination to generate -modified nitrones, which underwent intramolecular cycloaddition to give intramolecular cycloadducts. Among them, the reaction of isocyanates with oximes proceeded at room temperature to provide the corresponding cycloadducts in very high yields. The efficiencies of these sequential cycloadditions were directly compared by competitive reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitrones are widely used as 1,3-dipoles in organic synthesis, but control of their reactions is not always easy. This review outlines our efforts to make the reactions of nitrones more predictable and easier to use. These efforts can be categorized into (1) 1,3-nucleophilic addition reaction of ketene silyl acetals to nitrones, (2) geometry-controlled cycloaddition of C-alkoxycarbonyl nitrones, (3) stereo-controlled cycloaddition using double asymmetric induction, and (4) generation of nitrones by N-selective modification of oximes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Res
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States. Electronic address:
The DIBAL-H reduction of the Baylis-Hillman sugar adduct, obtained from 3-O-benzyl-1,2-isopropylidene-α-D-xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose yielded trisubstituted alkenes by eliminating the β-hydroxyl group. Subsequently, the hydrolysis of the isopropylidene acetal to the corresponding hemiacetal was reacted with N-benzyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride to generate the nitrone, which underwent diastereoselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar nitrone olefin cycloaddition (INOC) to give an isoxazolidine skeleton. The concomitant reductive cleavage of the N-O bond and benzyl group of the fused isoxazolidines afforded new functionalized aminocyclopentitols in good yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
August 2024
National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112304, Taiwan, R.O.C.
A novel, highly stereoselective gold-catalyzed spirocyclization of 2-benzyl-3-alkynyl chromone with nitrone is described. This cascade reaction involves gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization, nitrone-olefin [3 + 2]-annulation, alkene oxidation, and rearrangement for the formation of spirocyclic products. Interestingly, the isoxazolidine ring generated from [3 + 2]-annulation donates oxygen to alkene to generate a new pyran-3(4)-one and azetidine ring for dispiro-benzofuran formation upon heating.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
May 2024
Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
Enzymes are desired catalysts for chemical synthesis, because they can be engineered to provide unparalleled levels of efficiency and selectivity. Yet, despite the astonishing array of reactions catalyzed by natural enzymes, many reactivity patterns found in small molecule catalysts have no counterpart in the living world. With a detailed understanding of the mechanisms utilized by small molecule catalysts, we can identify existing enzymes with the potential to catalyze reactions that are currently unknown in nature.
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