Hypothesis: Through the rational design of nanomaterial composites, broadband light harvesting and good thermal insulation can be achieved simultaneously to improve the efficiency of water evaporation.
Experiment: Solar evaporation experiments were carried out on liquid marbles (LMs) coated with FeO nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hybrid nanomaterials (FeO/CNTs) with different mass ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2.
Finding: The results showed that the mixture of FeO/CNTs enhances the light harvesting ability and solar interfacial evaporation performance. FeO/CNT-LM at the mass ratio of 2:1 case provides the highest evaporation rate of 11.03 μg/s, which is about 1.22 and 1.34 times higher than that of FeO and CNT, respectively. This high performance is mainly due to the synergistic effect between FeO nanoparticles and CNTs, as the hybrid nanostructure significantly improves the both photothermal conversion and heat localization capability. Numerical simulation further supports that the composite can concentrate the electromagnetic field and heat at the phase-change interface. This leads to a rapid evaporation of the boundary region. This study provides a novel approach to a three-dimensional interface by assembling nanomaterials on the drop surface to enhance evaporation, which may have far-reaching implications for seawater desalination.
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