Echocardiographic Assessment of Prosthetic Valves.

Prosthetic valves are increasingly encountered in clinical practice. A grasp of the intricacies of the assessment and management of prosthetic valves is thus a crucial skillset for the practicing cardiologist. Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for the anatomic and functional evaluation of prosthetic valve. This document reviews the general features of prosthetic valves, echocardiographic identification of normally functioning and dysfunctional prosthetic valves as well as echocardiographic diagnosis of specific prosthetic valvular abnormalities.