Ichthyosporea is an underexplored group of unicellular eukaryotes closely related to animals. Thanks to their phylogenetic position, genomic content, and development through a multinucleate coenocyte reminiscent of some animal embryos, the members of Ichthyosporea are being increasingly recognized as pivotal to the study of animal origins. We delve into the existing knowledge of Ichthyosporea, identify existing gaps and discuss their life cycles, genomic insights, development, and potential to be model organisms. We also discuss the underestimated diversity of ichthyosporeans, based on new environmental data analyses. This review will be an essential resource for researchers venturing into the study of ichthyosporeans.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06608-5 | DOI Listing |
Protist
December 2024
Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean and Biosciences, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Fisheries Science in Offshore Wind farm (RIFSO), Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
This study discovered the first Asian population of Sphaeroforma nootkatensis (SphX), a member of Mesomycetozoea, in the southern coastal region of South Korea. Although investigating parasites in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), a single-cell microorganism was isolated from gill tissues. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of its 18S rDNA revealed its placement within the order Ichthyophonida, class Mesomycetozoea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
October 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Embryos undergo pre-gastrulation cleavage cycles to generate a critical cell mass before transitioning to morphogenesis. The molecular underpinnings of this transition have traditionally centered on zygotic chromatin remodeling and genome activation, as their repression can prevent downstream processes of differentiation and organogenesis. Despite precedents that oxygen depletion can similarly suspend development in early embryos, hinting at a pivotal role for oxygen metabolism in this transition, whether there is a chemical switch that licenses the onset of morphogenesis remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ
November 2024
GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
Background: Marine sponges are dominant components of Antarctic benthos and representative of the high endemism that characterizes this environment. All microbial groups are part of the Antarctic sponge holobionts, but microbial eukaryotes have been studied less, and their symbiotic role still needs to be better understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of microbial eukaryotes associated with Antarctic sponges, focusing on dinoflagellates over three summer periods to better understand the members, interannual variations, and trophic and lifestyle strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Biol
October 2024
Discipline of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Background: Climate change is driving increased extreme weather events that can impact ecology by moderating host-pathogen interactions. To date, few studies have explored how cold snaps affect disease prevalence and proliferation. Using the Daphnia magna-Ordospora colligata host-parasite system, a popular model system for environmentally transmitted diseases, the amplitude and duration of cold snaps were manipulated at four baseline temperatures, 10 days post-exposure, with O.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Invertebr Pathol
November 2024
Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Fisheries Science in Offshore Wind Farm (RIFSO), Kunsan National University, 558 Daehakro, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
In the present study, a cryptic species (IchX) was isolated from the hemolymph of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, collected from the west coast region of South Korea. Following comprehensive molecular analysis, a partial sequence resembling the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene was obtained, indicating that this species belonged to the class Mesomycetozoea, also known as Ichthyosporea. Detailed phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA sequences placed IchX in a distinct clade within the order Dermocystida, class Mesomycetozoea, and showed that IchX is closely related to Ichthyosporea sp.
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