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Similar Limited Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection in Vaccinated Individuals With HIV and Comparable Controls. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study investigated the risk of Omicron infection in individuals living with HIV (PWH) compared to non-HIV controls, finding no significant difference in infection rates between the two groups.
  • - It tracked 209 PWH and 280 controls from January to October 2022, with a cumulative Omicron infection incidence of 58.3%, and identified lower risks associated with factors like lower smoking rates and higher anti-spike antibody levels.
  • - Overall, both groups experienced similar infection rates; however, additional booster vaccinations appeared to significantly lower the risk of acquiring the virus.

Article Abstract

Background: Little is known about the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infection in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) with vaccine-induced or hybrid immunity. We assessed the incidence of Omicron infection in 209 AGEIV coronavirus disease 2019 substudy participants with well-controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy and 280 comparable controls, who had received at least the primary vaccination series.

Methods: From September 2020 onward, participants were assessed every 6 months for the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, per SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay or self-reported positive antigen or polymerase chain reaction test. Between 1 January and 31 October 2022, the cumulative incidence of Omicron infection and associated risk factors were estimated using a conditional risk-set Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: The cumulative incidence of a first Omicron infection was 58.3% by 31 October 2022, not significantly different between groups. HIV status was not independently associated with acquiring Omicron infection. Former and current smoking, as well as an increased predicted anti-spike immunoglobulin G titer were significantly associated with a lower risk of Omicron infection. The majority of infections were symptomatic, but none required hospitalization.

Conclusions: People with well-controlled HIV and controls in our cohort experienced a similarly high proportion of Omicron infections. More booster vaccinations significantly reduced the risk of infection. NCT01466582.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11273239PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae380DOI Listing

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