AI Article Synopsis

  • To maintain polio eradication, there is an urgent need to enhance surveillance of poliovirus excretion in individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), in addition to monitoring acute flaccid paralysis cases and environmental samples.
  • A collaborative study in India screened children with IEI for poliovirus excretion, revealing that a 7-month-old baby with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) excreted type 1 immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) after receiving oral polio vaccine (OPV).
  • The child's father also excreted iVDPV, and despite a stem cell transplant, the child died due to complications, highlighting the potential for iVDPV transmission from individuals with

Article Abstract

In order to maintain the polio eradication status, it has become evident that the surveillance of cases with acute flaccid paralysis and of environmental samples must be urgently supplemented with the surveillance of poliovirus excretions among individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). All children with IEI were screened for the excretion of poliovirus during a collaborative study conducted by the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Mumbai Unit, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, and World Health Organization, India. A seven-month -old male baby who presented with persistent pneumonia and lymphopenia was found to have severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) due to a missense variant in the RAG1 gene. He had received OPV at birth and at 20 weeks. Four stool samples collected at 4 weekly intervals yielded iVDPV type 1. The child's father, an asymptomatic 32-year-old male, was also found to be excreting iVDPV. A haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant was performed, but the child succumbed due to severe myocarditis and pneumonia three weeks later. We report a rare case of transmission of iVDPV from an individual with IEI to a healthy household contact, demonstrating the threat of the spread of iVDPV from persons with IEI and the necessity to develop effective antivirals.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281642PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070759DOI Listing

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