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Multivalent mRNA Vaccine Elicits Broad Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • New waves of SARS-CoV-2 are driven by changes in the spike protein, reducing vaccine effectiveness.
  • Researchers tested different multivalent mRNA vaccines targeting various spike protein variants and found that the pentavalent vaccine provided the best protection among the new formulations.
  • The redesigned pentavalent vaccine demonstrated moderate effectiveness against recent Omicron variants and generated more neutralizing antibodies compared to previous bivalent vaccines.

Article Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 new waves are primarily caused by changes to the spike protein (S), which can substantially decrease the efficacy of vaccines. Therefore, we tested several multivalent mRNA-LNP vaccines, targeting the full-length S proteins of different variants, and identified an optimal combination for protection against VOCs in BALB/c mice. The tested formulations included trivalent (WT + BA.5 + XBB.1.5), pentavalent (WT + BA.5 + XBB.1.5 + BQ.1.1 + CH.1.1), and octavalent (WT + BA.5 + XBB.1.5 + BQ.1.1 + CH.1.1 + Alpha + Delta + BA.2) vaccines. Among these multivalent vaccines, the pentavalent vaccine showed superior protection for almost all tested variants. Despite this, each multivalent vaccine elicited greater broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies than the previously evaluated bivalent vaccine (WT + BA.5). Subsequently, we redesigned the multivalent vaccine to efficiently generate neutralizing antibodies against recent VOCs, including EG.5.1. Immunization with the redesigned pentavalent vaccine (WT + EG.5.1 + XBB.1.16 + Delta + BA.5) showed moderate levels of protection against recent Omicron VOCs. Results suggest that the neutralization activity of multivalent vaccines is better than those of the tested bivalent vaccines against WT + BA.5 and WT + EG.5.1. Moreover, the pentavalent vaccine we developed may be highly useful for neutralizing new Omicron VOCs.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281580PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070714DOI Listing

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