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<PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">39063142</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2024</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>27</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2024</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1422-0067</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>25</Volume><Issue>14</Issue><PubDate><Year>2024</Year><Month>Jul</Month><Day>19</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of molecular sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Mol Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Link between Inflammation, Lipid Derivatives, and Microbiota Metabolites in COVID-19 Patients: Implications on Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">7899</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/ijms25147899</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Extreme inflammation that continues even after infections can lead to a cytokine storm. In recent times, one of the most common causes of cytokine storm activation has been SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cytokine storm leads to dysregulation and excessive stimulation of the immune system, producing symptoms typical of post-COVID syndrome, including chronic fatigue, shortness of breath, joint pain, trouble concentrating (known as "brain fog"), and even direct organ damage in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. This work summarizes the current knowledge regarding inflammation and the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, changes in lipid metabolism and microbiota composition under the influence of inflammation in COVID-19, along with the possible underlying mechanisms, are described. Finally, this text explores potential health implications related to changes in eating behaviors and nutritional status in COVID-19 patients. Although research on the cytokine storm is still ongoing, there is convincing evidence suggesting that severe immune and inflammatory responses during the acute phase of COVID-19 may lead to long-term health consequences. Understanding these links is key to developing treatment strategies and supporting patients after infection.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hawry&#x142;kowicz</LastName><ForeName>Viktoria</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stasiewicz</LastName><ForeName>Beata</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0718-9101</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maciejewska</LastName><ForeName>Dominika</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2293-6489</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>So&#x142;ek-Pastuszka</LastName><ForeName>Joanna</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-242 Szczecin, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Komorniak</LastName><ForeName>Natalia</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4318-1513</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Skonieczna-&#x17b;ydecka</LastName><ForeName>Karolina</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martynova-Van Kley</LastName><ForeName>Alexandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University at UT, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stachowska</LastName><ForeName>Ewa</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4009-1977</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>(Project number: WNoZ 330-05/S/2024).</GrantID><Agency>This research was funded by the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland</Agency><Country/></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2024</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Mol Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101092791</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1422-0067</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009752" MajorTopicYN="Y">Nutritional Status</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007249" MajorTopicYN="Y">Inflammation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="Y">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000080424" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cytokine Release Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D050356" MajorTopicYN="Y">Lipid Metabolism</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005247" MajorTopicYN="Y">Feeding Behavior</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000069196" MajorTopicYN="N">Gastrointestinal Microbiome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D064307" MajorTopicYN="N">Microbiota</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cytokine</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">lipids</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">metabolites</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">microbiota</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">nutrition</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2024</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>13</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>28</Day><Hour>14</Hour><Minute>52</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>10</Hour><Minute>44</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>1</Hour><Minute>13</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2024</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">39063142</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC11276903</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3390/ijms25147899</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">ijms25147899</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Jarczak D., Nierhaus A. 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