E3 ubiquitin ligases, key components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, orchestrate protein degradation through ubiquitylation and profoundly impact cellular biology. Small HERC E3 ligases (HERC3-6) have diverse functions in mammals, including roles in spermatogenesis, protein degradation, and immunity. Until now, only mammals' HERC3, HERC5, and HERC6 are known to participate in immune responses, with major involvement in the antiviral response. Interestingly, an exclusive HERC7 has been characterized in fish showing great molecular conservation and antiviral roles. Thus, this study identifies and characterizes the gene in the European sea bass teleost. The European sea bass gene and the putative protein show good conservation of the promoter binding sites for interferons and the RCC1 and HECT domains characteristic of HERC proteins, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis shows a unique cluster with the fish-exclusive HERC7 orthologues. During ontogeny, the gene is expressed from 3 days post-fertilization onwards, being constitutively and widely distributed in adult tissues. In vitro, stimulated leucocytes up-regulate the gene in response to mitogens and viruses, pointing to a role in the immune response. Furthermore, sea bass expression is related to the interferon response intensity and viral load in different tissues upon in vivo infection with red-grouper betanodavirus (RGNNV), suggesting the potential involvement of fish HERC7 in ISGylation-based antiviral activity, similarly to mammalian HERC5. This study broadens the understanding of small HERC proteins in fish species and highlights HERC7 as a potential contributor to the immune response in European sea bass, with implications for antiviral defense mechanisms. Future research is needed to unravel the precise actions and functions of HERC7 in teleost fish immunity, providing insights into direct antiviral activity and viral evasion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147751 | DOI Listing |
Environ Geochem Health
December 2024
Departamento de Explotación y Prospección Minera, Escuela de Ingeniería de Minas, Energía y Materiales, Universidad de Oviedo, Independencia, 13, 33004, Oviedo, Spain.
The food chain of the Valdezogues River system is at considerable risk due to the presence of mercury in the environment and to intense bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes in some fish species, particularly in piscivorous. Moreover, the presence of mercury in fish is a reliable indicator of the presence of its most toxic form, methylmercury. Of interest is that selenium, when present together with mercury in food, represents a significant decrease in the risks related to the ingestion of methylmercury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) seeks to improve animal health by promoting safe trade in animals and their products, setting standards for diagnostic methods, detection of emerging diseases and confirmation of listed diseases in clinically affected animals and surveillance in healthy populations. WOAH launched the Aquatic Animal Health Strategy (AAHS) in 2021 in recognition of the growing importance of aquatic animal products in global food security. Disease is currently a major limiting factor in the sustainable growth and development of the aquaculture industry, impacting the industry's ability to increase yields to meet future food demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
December 2024
College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address:
Cold temperature is an effective method of achieving out-of-season reproduction and obtaining fry in the autumn. This study investigated the effects of low-temperature (12-16 °C) environment on the out-of-season reproduction of largemouth bass, particularly the delayed effects on ovarian development. During the period of delayed out-of-season reproduction, there was a significant reduction in the levels of serum sex hormones (FSH and LH) and their respective receptors (FSHR and LHCGR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Exp Neuropsychol
December 2024
School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is associated with social cognitive impairments, yet these impairments are often overlooked during clinical assessments. There are few validated and clinically appropriate measures of social cognition in ABI. The current study examined the validity of the Brief Assessment of Social Skills (BASS) in measuring social cognition following ABI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Pharmacother
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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